Regulation of IGF-I by IGFBP3 and IGFBP5 during odontoblast differentiation in mice

ObjectivesAlthough intracellular signaling pathways of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) related to the proliferation of dental pulp cells have been investigated, the switching mechanism from cell proliferation to differentiation during odontogenesis remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the role of IGF binding protein (IGFBP) 3 and 5 in regulation of IGF-I during odontoblast differentiation in mouse incisors.MethodsThe detailed expression patterns of IGF-I, IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), IGFBP3, and IGFBP5 together with that of an odontoblast differentiation marker, nestin, were examined by immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization using paraffinized sections of TetOP-H2B-GFP mouse incisors at postnatal 4 weeks.ResultsUndifferentiated dental papilla cells and preodontoblasts (preOB) showed intense IGF-I- and IGF-IRα-positive reactions, and the expression was observed in differentiated odontoblasts, such as immature odontoblasts (iOB) and mature odontoblasts (mOB). IGFBP3/Igfbp3 was transiently expressed in preOB and early iOB, and the intensity of expression gradually reduced with the progression of odontoblast differentiation. In contrast, immunohistochemical analysis for IGFBP5 identified a positive reaction in the undifferentiated dental papilla cells and differentiated odontoblasts, and the expression of Igfbp5 was reduced in the differentiated odontoblasts.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated the expression patterns of IGF-I, IGF-IR, IGFBP3, and IGFBP5 during odontoblast differentiation in mouse incisors. These results suggested that IGFBP3 regulates the transition from the proliferative to differentiation stage by inhibiting the action of IGF-I on the proliferation of dental papilla cells, and that IGFBP5 plays an important role in the maintenance of the differentiated odontoblasts during tooth development.     

Exploring the effectiveness of a specialized therapy programme for burnout using subjective report and biomarkers of stress

The increasing prevalence of stress-related disorders such as burnout urges the need for specialized treatment approaches. Programmes combining psychotherapy and regenerative interventions emerge to be the most successful. However, evaluated therapy programmes are scarce and usually involve subjective symptom quantification without consideration of physiologic parameters. The aim of the present exploratory, single-group study was the multimodal investigation of the effectiveness of a specialized holistic therapy programme by assessing symptoms and biological markers of chronic stress. Seventy-one in-patients (39 men/32 women; age 46.8 ± 9.9 years) of a specialized burnout ward with the additional diagnosis of burnout (Z73.0) in conjunction with a main diagnosis of depressive disorder (F32 or F33) according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 were included in the study. In addition to symptomatology, the stress-responsive biomarkers heart rate variability (HRV) and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured in patients at admittance to and discharge from the burnout ward applying a 6-week specialized treatment programme. At discharge, patients showed a significant reduction of symptom burden and a significant increase in serum BDNF, while HRV remained unchanged. The findings implicate that the therapy programme may have beneficial effects on symptomatology and neuroplasticity of patients with burnout. As therapy was often supplemented by psychopharmacological treatment, a relevant influence of antidepressant medication especially on BDNF has to be considered.     

基于计划行为理论的孕妇关于婴儿睡眠安全行为意向影响因素研究

目的 探究孕妇关于婴儿睡眠安全实践意向的影响因素。方法 本研究采用方便抽样选取青岛市某三甲医院四个院区来院孕检的孕妇，使用基于计划行为理论的自编问卷，调查其对于婴儿睡眠安全的行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制及行为意向，应用多元线性回归分析其行为意向的影响因素。结果 孕妇对于婴儿睡眠安全的行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制及行为意向得分分别为(22.26±5.27)、(16.65±4.17)、(13.35±4.23)、(20.77±5.62)分。是否为独生子女(t = - 3.555, P＜0.001)，年龄(F = 3.764, P = 0.011)、文化程度(F = 5.983, P＜0.001)、居住地(F = 5.865, P = 0.003)和家庭人均月收入(F = 8.485, P＜0.001)不同的孕妇关于婴儿睡眠安全的行为意向有统计学差异。多元线性回归分析结果示文化程度(β = 0.655, t = 3.659, P＜0.001)、是否为独生子女(β = 1.214, t = 3.131, P = 0.002)、行为态度(β = 0.373, t = 9.598, P＜0.001)、主观规范(β = 0.328, t = 6.426, P＜0.001)及知觉行为控制(β = 0.231, t = 5.371, P＜0.001)是行为意向的主要影响因素。结论 孕妇对于婴儿睡眠安全实践的认知及行为意向较积极，但其知觉行为控制力有待提高。孕期健康教育应增加婴儿睡眠安全内容，提高孕妇对其认知及自我效能感，展开公众教育以增强孕妇的社会支持，改善其与婴儿睡眠有关的养育行为。     

Efficacy,immunogenicity, and safety of available vaccines in children on biologics: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Vaccinations are essential for preventing infectious diseases in children with chronic diseases as they have increased risk of infection from frequent use of biologics. Response to immunizations in this group is not well known.ObjectiveA systematic review was performed to evaluate three primary outcomes: efficacy; immunogenicity; and safety of vaccines in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.MethodsThe protocol for our systematic review and meta-analysis was registered and published with PROSPERO. We searched electronic bibliographic databases for studies published from 2009 to 2019, focusing on vaccinations in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.ResultsWe retrieved 532 records. Thirty-one full-text articles were selected, and 14 were included in the meta-analysis. No significant publication bias was found. Efficacy: limited data are available regarding the efficacy of vaccination, as most studies have focused on immunogenicity as surrogate outcome for efficacy. Immunogenicity: patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of poor seroconversion (p = 0.028) and seroprotection by the serotype B influenza vaccine [inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) p = 0.013; juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) p = 0.004]. We found adequate responses with H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes. Few studies existed for pneumococcal, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, varicella-zoster virus, Measles Mumps Rubella virus, and multiple vaccine administration. Safety: vaccine administration was not associated with serious side effects, but JIA patients on anti-TNF alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of presenting with myalgia or arthralgia postinfluenza vaccine (p = 0.014).ConclusionsMore evidence concerning efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of vaccinations is needed to guide physicians in the vaccine decision process for this pediatric population.     

大黄素治疗代谢相关脂肪性肝病的作用机制研究进展

代谢相关脂肪性肝病既往称为非酒精性脂肪肝，与肥胖、糖尿病、高脂血症等关系密切，还明显增加心血管死亡的风险。大黄素是大黄、何首乌中主要的活性成分，具有多种生物学功能。大黄素可通过降低肝细胞脂质沉积、抑制肝脏炎症反应、抗胰岛素抵抗、抑制肝纤维化、抗氧化应激反应等多种途径对代谢相关脂肪性肝病发挥治疗作用。总结了大黄素治疗代谢相关脂肪性肝病的作用机制，为代谢相关脂肪性肝病的治疗提供参考。